The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Exploration Systems Mission Directorate initiated an Advanced Composite Technology (ACT) Project through the Exploration Technology Development Program in order to support the polymer composite needs for future heavy lift launch architectures. As an example, the large composite structural applications on Ares V inspired the evaluation of advanced joining technologies, specifically 3D woven composite joints, which could be applied to...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 58967687d4d94133bf615e8624430b04,...
New system requirements pertaining to thermal optical properties and coating electrical properties are commonly specified on non-low earth orbit missions. An increasing number of projects are specifying coatings with a surface resistivity of less than lE-9 ohm/square to mitigate electrostatic charge buildup events over a range of operational temperatures. There are a limited number of coatings that. meet these electrical property requirements while having flight derived optical properties in...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 4faf4e1998cf4aabaf038407f35f6b50,...
The 2015 fire season and related smoke pollution in Indonesia was more severe than the major 2006 episode, making it the most severe season observed by the NASA Earth Observing System satellites that go back to the early 2000s, namely active fire detections from the Terra and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers (MODIS), MODIS aerosol optical depth, Terra Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) carbon monoxide (CO), Aqua Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) CO, Aura...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 1581c96840e04e69899df751f5afc92f,...
There are many opportunities for commonality between Lunar vicinity and Mars mission hardware and operations. Best approach: Identify Mars mission risks that can be bought down with testing in the Lunar vicinity, then explore hardware and operational concepts that work for both missions with minimal compromise. Deep Space Transport will validate the systems and capabilities required to send humans to Mars orbit and return to Earth. Deep Space Gateway provides a convenient assembly, checkout,...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), aa11a5e6395b48f19c51c619365b24ab, Connolly, John, Houston,...
Water-rich carbonaceous chondrites contain evidence of aqueous alteration in the early solar system. To see this one must look carefully at the meteorites, and see past the later alteration which has generally obscured mineral textures. We suggest that these materials will dominate, be detectable, and be sampled on the surfaces of C-class asteroids, initially by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. Thus, hydrous samples returned by this mission will help to reveal the source of water on earth.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), f39ec482e71746679ad8fe107f372e49, Houston, TX, United States,...
Ascending steep slopes is often a very difficult challenge for off-road vehicles, whether on Earth or on extraterrestrial bodies. This challenge is even greater if the surface consists of loose granular soil that does not provide much shear strength. This study investigated how the path at which a vehicle traverses a slope, specifically the angle that it is commanded to drive relative to the base of the hill (the angle of attack), can affect its performance. A vehicle was driven in loose sand...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 6a76bbf665e44cbe946e9539fb2578ac, Blacksburg, VA, United...
The UAH-78AM is a low-power Hall effect thruster developed at the University of Alabama in Huntsville with channel walls and a propellant distributor manufactured using 3D printing. The goal of this project is to assess the feasibility of using unconventional materials to produce a low-cost functioning Hall effect thruster and consider how additive manufacturing can expand the design space and provide other benefits. A version of the thruster was tested at NASA Glenn Research Center to obtain...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), Alabama Univ., c5c722d486ec4725b026292add2f817c, Hopping,...
Air transportation networks are being disrupted with increasing frequency by failures in their cyber- (computing, communication, control) systems. Whether these cyber- failures arise due to deliberate attacks or incidental errors, they can have far-reaching impact on the performance of the air traffic control and management systems. For instance, a computer failure in the Washington DC Air Route Traffic Control Center (ZDC) on August 15, 2015, caused nearly complete closure of the Centers...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 9f61789ed6b64830b90548c356efc615, NASA Ames Research Center,...
Overview of Astrobee System design and current status for the SPHERES/Astrobee Working Group quarterly meeting.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), Bualat, Maria G., NASA Ames Research Center
Given the increasing use of the term \"flash drought\" by the media and scientific community, it is prudent to develop a consistent definition that can be used to identify these events and to understand their salient characteristics. It is generally accepted that flash droughts occur more often during the summer due to increased evaporative demand; however, two distinct approaches have been used to identify them. The first approach focuses on their rate of intensification, whereas the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 06209a715a4548568e37f542a1da90b7,...
In this paper we perform a detailed analysis of how Solar Radiation Pressure (SRP) affects the relative motion of two spacecrafts, the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) and Starshade, orbiting in the vicinity of the Sun-Earth L2. While WFIRST orbits about its own Libration Point Orbit (LPO), Starshade will fly a specific trajectory to align with WFIRST and observe a Design Reference Mission of pre-determined target stars. In this analysis, we focus on the transfer orbit for...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), Baltimore, MD, United States,...
NASA's Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) has been working towards a vision of a cloud-based, highly-flexible, ingest, archive, management, and distribution system for its ever-growing and evolving data holdings. This system, Cumulus, is emerging from its prototyping stages and is poised to make a huge impact on how NASA manages and disseminates its Earth science data. This talk will outline the motivation for this work, present the achievements and hurdles of the past...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 1496a042dcc54b5dac5390889f1532fc,...
We present a characterization of the chemical composition of the atmosphere of the Brazilian Amazon rainforest based on trace gases measurements carried out during the South American Biomass Burning Analysis (SAMBBA) airborne experiment in September 2012. We analyzed the observations of the primary biomass burning emission tracers (carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx)), ozone (O3), isoprene, and its main oxidation products, methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), methacrolein (MACR), and...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 0000-0001-6283-8288, 0000-0002-0447-2633,...
Stratospheric intrusions \"the introduction of ozone-rich stratospheric air into the troposphere\" have been linked with surface ozone air quality exceedances, especially at the high elevations in the western USA in springtime. However, the impact of stratospheric intrusions in the remaining seasons and over the rest of the USA is less clear. A new approach to the study of stratospheric intrusions uses NASA's Goddard Earth Observing System Model (GEOS) model and assimilation products...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 3802c4a68e8d450aa887dceb2e734b15,...
Moulins permit access of surface meltwater to the glacier bed, causing basal lubrication and ice speedup in the ablation zone of western Greenland during summer. Despite the substantial impact of moulins on ice dynamics, the conditions under which they form are poorly understood. We assimilate a time-series of ice surface velocity from a network of eleven Global Positioning System receivers into an ice sheet model to estimate ice sheet stresses during winter, spring, and summer in an approx. 30...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 4f10a72d314a41489d89d9801e3287c7,...
Controlled and reliable growth of a variety of vegetable crops is an important capability for manned deep space exploration systems for providing nutritional supplementation and psychological benefits to crew members. Because current systems have been limited to leafy vegetables that require minimal root space, a major goal for these systems is to increase their ability to grow new types of crops, including tuber plants and root vegetables that require a large root space. An expandable root...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), Cordova, Brennan A., Ohio State Univ.
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), Bakalyar, Lauren, NASA Johnson Space Center
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 16ca15fde114486b83bdcb0ef83e41fa,...
Built upon Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) legacy for next-generation global observation of rain and snow. The GPM was launched in February 2014 with Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) and GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) onboard. The GPM has a broad global coverage approximately 70deg S -70deg N with a swath of 245/125-km for the Ka (35.5 GHz)/Ku (13.6 GHz) band radar, and 850-km for the 13-channel GMI. GPM also features better retrievals for heavy, moderate, and light rain and...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 429e6ec6a4b14ff0b4f9fa71ef48adfa,...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), Gaskin, Jessica A., NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 71d7699b247d433d9d41bb63b45f3eff,...
We present measurements of the surface density of star formation, the star-forming clump luminosity function, and the clump size distribution function, for the lensed galaxy SGAS J111020.0+645950.8 at a redshift of z =2.481. The physical size scales that we probe, radii r = 30-50 pc, are considerably smaller scales than have yet been studied at these redshifts. The star formation surface density we find within these small clumps is consistent with surface densities measured previously for other...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 14c5525cd79f406f89b948300e5de7e7,...
The purpose is to use satellite data to study relationships between discharge of the Yukon River to currents and biologic productivity in the northern Bering Sea. Amended specific objectives are: to develop thermal, sediment and chlorophyll surface maps using thematic mapping (TM) data of the discharge of the Yukon River and the Alaska Coastal Current during the ice free season; to develop a historical model of the distribution of the Yukon River discharge and the Alaska Coastal Current using...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), BERING SEA, OCEAN CURRENTS, PACIFIC OCEAN, REMOTE SENSING,...
Aerospace Design & Development, Inc.'s (ADD's) SCAMP was developed under an SBIR contract through Kennedy Space Center. SCAMP stands for Supercritical Air Mobility Pack. The technology came from the life support fuel cell support systems used for the Apollo and Space Shuttle programs. It uses supercritical cryogenic air and is able to function in microgravity environments. SCAMP's self-contained breathing apparatus(SCBA) systems are also ground-based and can provide twice as much air than...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), BREATHING APPARATUS, CRYOGENIC EQUIPMENT, PORTABLE LIFE...
This presentation provides the current task under the NASA-DLR research collaboration for airport surface. It presents the effort done to adapt TRACC and SOSS software components to simulate airport (CLT) ramp area traffic management using TRACC's conflict free taxi trajectory optimization and SOSS's fast time simulation platform.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 38839d74e8ac49e3aad860231f999810, Bonn, Germany, Deutsches...
This report is the documentation of the work performed under the Hypersonic Project of the NASA's Fundamental Aeronautics Program. It was funded through Task Number NNC10E444T under GESS-2 Contract NNC06BA07B. The objective of the task is to develop advanced computational tools for the simulation of multi-stage turbomachinery in support of aeropropulsion. This includes work elements in extending the TURBO code and validating the multi-stage URANS (Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes)...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), Toledo Univ., To, Wai-Ming
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), f5a4b1a38c2b4450812f2ab0ba24ae7f, Huntsville, AL, United...
Ozone near the surface is harmful to human health and is a result of the photochemical reaction with both man-made and natural precursor pollutant sources. Therefore, in order to reduce near surface ozone concentrations, communities must reduce anthropogenic pollution sources. However, the injection of stratospheric ozone into the troposphere, known as a stratospheric intrusion, can also lead to concentrations of ground-level ozone exceeding air quality standards. Stratospheric intrusions are...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 02eb6e5ebc2341698e680ee28cbea126,...
Biological risks associated with microgravity are a major concern for long-term space travel. Although determination of risk has been a focus for NASA research, data examining systemic (i.e., multi- or pan-tissue) responses to space flight are sparse. To perform our analysis, we utilized the NASA GeneLab database which is a publicly available repository containing a wide array of omics results from experiments conducted with: i) with different flight conditions (space shuttle (STS) missions vs....
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 05dc65b4933a4f82a02e59ced4f59e99, Beheshti, Afshin, Berrios,...
The Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has developed software and products for conducting observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) for weather analysis applications. Such applications include estimations of potential effects of new observing instruments or data assimilation techniques on improving weather analysis and forecasts. The GMAO software creates simulated observations from nature run (NR) data sets and adds simulated errors to...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 124c083bb4434c059d1421fe59b8a38c,...
An interesting feature of planetary bodies with hydrospheres is the presence of an electrically conducting shell near the global surface. This conducting shell may typically lie between relatively insulating rock, ice, or atmosphere, creating a strong constraint on the flow of large-scale electric currents. All or parts of the shell may be in fluid motion relative to main components of the rotating planetary magnetic field (as well as the magnetic fields due to external bodies), creating...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), Maryland Univ., Tyler, Robert H.
A modest operational program of systematic aircraft measurements can resolve key satellite aerosol data record limitations. Satellite observations provide frequent global aerosol amount maps but offer only loose aerosol property constraints needed for climate and air quality applications. We define and illustrate the feasibility of flying an aircraft payload to measure key aerosol optical, microphysical, and chemical properties in situ. The flight program could characterize major aerosol...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 3990fbb6033246ce920b78eb55adf821,...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 282f75d54d4b4762bc07a45b52642724,...
NASA's OpenMDAO framework facilitates constructing complex models and computing their derivatives for multidisciplinary design optimization. Decomposing a model into components that follow a prescribed interface enables OpenMDAO to assemble multidisciplinary derivatives from the component derivatives using what amounts to the adjoint method, direct method, chain rule, global sensitivity equations, or any combination thereof, using the MAUD architecture. OpenMDAO also handles the distribution of...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), Hwang, John T., Peerless Technologies Corp.
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), b6f1000de9eb4c17a47ee8483c42ad69, Cockrell, James J., Hyde,...
Irrigation can influence weather and climate, but the magnitude, timing, and spatial extent of irrigation are poorly represented in models, as are the resulting impacts of irrigation on the coupled land-atmosphere system. One way to improve irrigation representation in models is to assimilate soil moisture observations that reflect an irrigation signal to improve model states. Satellite remote sensing is a promising avenue for obtaining these needed observations on a routine basis, but to date,...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 2340b701f08f4772a86ff2500c5b87db,...
High‐resolution observations and 3D MHD simulations reveal intense interaction between the convection zone dynamics and the solar atmosphere on subarcsecond scales. To investigate processes of the dynamical coupling and energy exchange between the subsurface layers and the chromosphere we perform 3D radiative MHD modeling for a computational domain that includes the upper convection zone and the chromosphere, and investigate the structure and dynamics for different intensity of the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 0a6e3891aa224733b8d06c130deb37ed,...
In the context of high performance computing (HPC), software investments in support of text-based diagnostics, which monitor a running application, are typically limited compared to those for other types of IO. Examples of such diagnostics include reiteration of configuration parameters, progress indicators, simple metrics (e.g., mass conservation, convergence of solvers, etc.), and timers. To some degree, this difference in priority is justifiable as other forms of output are the primary...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 4f68cc5e663f417492c32513a1f7608f, Clune, Tom, Cruz, Carlos...
AIRS Version-6 monthly mean level-3 surface temperature products confirm the result, depicted in the GISSTEMP dataset, that the earth's surface temperature has been warming since early 2015, though not before that. AIRS is at a higher spatial resolution than GISSTEMP, and produces sharper spatial features which are otherwise in excellent agreement with those of GISSTEMP. Version-6 AO Ts anomalies are consistent with those of Version-6 AIRS/AMSU. Version-7 AO anomalies should be even more...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 6c6136702d504a90a73f174155756ac2,...
NASA Mars Science Laboratory (MSL), which landed the Curiosity rover on the surface of Mars on August 5th, 2012, was the largest and heaviest Mars entry vehicle representing a significant advancement in planetary entry, descent and landing capability. Hypersonic flight performance data was collected using MSLs on-board sensors called Mars Entry, Descent and Landing Instrumentation (MEDLI). This talk will give an overview of MSL entry and a description of MEDLI sensors. Observations from flight...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), d3b962f1318446729e1e8299227710a6, Mahzari, Milad, Moffett...
Over a decade of work has been conducted in the development of NASA's Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator (HIAD) technology. This effort has included multiple ground test campaigns and flight tests culminating in the HIAD projects second generation (Gen-2) deployable aeroshell system and associated analytical tools. NASAs HIAD project team has developed, fabricated, and tested inflatable structures (IS) integrated with flexible thermal protection system (F-TPS), ranging in diameters...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 42e23669422b4d4b91e5388605abb3c1,...
UAS demand slides discuss the purpose, scope, and assumptions of the UAS Demand Forecast Study. It discusses some operational environments and market research study, this information is broad knowledge in the UAS community.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), Hackenberg, Davis L., NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), c498e460b6e148bdba9e196e5d7d7d58,...
The status of the Heat Melt Compactor (HMC) development project is reported. HMC Generation 2 (Gen 2) has been assembled and initial testing has begun. A baseline mission use case for trash volume reduction, water recovery, trash sterilization, and the venting of effluent gases and water vapor to space has been conceptualized. A test campaign to reduce technical risks is underway. This risk reduction testing examines the many varied operating scenarios and conditions needed for processing trash...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 4e653718858e477abe271bffd0bf957e,...
This is a presentation of the fundamentals of ablative TPS materials for a short course at TFAWS 2017. It gives an overall description of what an ablator is, the equations that define it, and how to model it.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), Beck, Robin A. S., NASA Ames Research Center
Helicopter brownout is a phenomenon that occurs when making landing approaches in dusty environments, whereby sand or dust particles become swept up in the rotor outwash. Brownout is characterized by partial or total obscuration of the terrain, which degrades visual cues necessary for hovering and safe landing. Furthermore, the motion of the dust cloud produced during brownout can lead to the pilot experiencing motion cue anomalies such as vection illusions. In this context, the stability and...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 388fabbefeac4f33a67b8b1f1cd7b9d2,...
With the advent of CubeSats, research in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) becomes possible for universities and small research groups. Only a handful of launch sites can be used, due to geographical and political restrictions. As a result, common orbits in LEO are becoming crowded due to the additional launches made possible by low-cost access to space. CubeSat design principles require a maximum of a 25-year orbital lifetime in an effort to reduce the total number of spacecraft in orbit at any time....
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), b22a78a028ec4e95beb2ae052d59d680,...
The deposition of atmospheric aerosols is an important supply pathway of soluble iron (sol-Fe) to the global oceans influencing marine ecosystem processes and climate. Previous studies have shown that natural and anthropogenic acidic trace gases, when mixed with mineral dust, can lead to production of sol-Fe, leading to considerable increase in dust-Fe solubility. Recent studies have further highlighted the importance of atmospheric organic compounds/ligands in the production of sol-Fe during...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 3897a01d60f64e438985bb7860ca119e,...
The German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have been independently developing and testing their own concepts and tools for airport surface traffic management. Although these concepts and tools have been tested individually for European and US airports, they have never been compared or analyzed side-by-side. This paper presents the collaborative research devoted to the evaluation and analysis of two different surface management concepts....
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 289754ab8d4f496abd452fe3ea3ce1e6,...
The Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer (SBUV) instruments on NASA and NOAA spacecraft provide a long-term record of total-column ozone and deep-layer partial columns since about 1980. These data have been carefully processed to extract long-term trends and offer a valuable resource for ozone monitoring. Studies assimilating limb-sounding observations in the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) data assimilation system (DAS) demonstrate that vertical ozone gradients in the upper...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), 0866d999e4d14f7bbc76bd40c11fcb0f,...
